Effect of Light Intensity, Nitrogen Supply, and Fruiting on Carbohydrate Utilization by the Cotton Plant.

نویسندگان

  • F M Eaton
  • N E Rigler
چکیده

The objects of the present investigation were to determine the effects of light intensity and nitrogen supply upon the accumulation of carIohydrates in the cotton plant and in turn upon the utilization of carbohydrates in growth and fruiting activities. In some measure at least the American upland cotton plant differs from many agricultural plants in that from an early stage in its development, the vegetative and reproductive phases of growth proceed simultaneously; with the production of fruiting branches a non-fruitful condition can exist only as a result of the casting-off of floral buds and bollg during the course of their development. Fruiting branches usually arise from all but the lowest five to eight nodes of the main stalks, of the upland cotton plant, and from each of the nodes of these fruiting branches (fig. 1) there is subtended a floral bud and a leaf; these appear at the same time. The fruiting branches of the cotton plant are sometimes designated as sympodia but in this connection see the discussion of their morphology by COOK (5). The investigation was developed by means of two sand culture experiments. The first was conducted at a relatively low average light intensity of about 900 or 1,000 foot candles at midday and the second under light intensities averaging about 9,000 or 10,000 foot candles at midday. In both experiments four nitrate concentrations were employed-a nitrogendeficient level, two intermediate levels, and a toxically high level. Each experiment included two series of plants: (1) fruited plants, and (2) plants from which all floral buds were removed before they flowered. The latter plants were included to aid in differentiating between the effects of treatinent and the effects of fruiting upon growth and upon carbohydrate accumulation and utilization. The low-light experiment was conducted under muslin shades in a greenhouse during the winter and the high-light-experiment under free exposure outdoors during the summer. Other than for a lowering of the position of the first fruiting branches in medium and late varieties (23), but not in early varieties, evidence is lacking of photoperiodism in American upland cottons. More definite effects of photoperiodism in a nuinber of other cottons (23) have, however, been recognized. Given adequate light intensities and suitable temperatures, American upland cottons develop fruiting branches and bolls in a characteristic manner during either winiter or summer. 1 Published with the approval of the Director of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station as Technical Paper no. 851 of the Texas Agricultural Experiment Station. 380

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عنوان ژورنال:
  • Plant physiology

دوره 20 3  شماره 

صفحات  -

تاریخ انتشار 1945